The phrase “according to” is common in everyday English. We use it to share information from a source, report someone’s opinion, or explain what a rule says. However, using the same phrase repeatedly can make your writing sound dull.
Learning other ways to say according to can make your writing clearer, smoother, and more professional. You can choose expressions such as as stated by, based on, as reported by, or in the words of, depending on your meaning.
These alternatives are useful in emails, school assignments, research papers, business reports, articles, and everyday conversations. Some sound formal, while others feel natural and conversational.
In this guide, you will discover 75 alternatives to “according to,” learn how they differ, and see how to use them in real sentences. The goal is simple: help you choose the right expression for your context without making your English sound complicated.
Did You Know?
The phrase “according to” has been used in English for centuries. It generally means that information agrees with, follows, or comes from a particular source, rule, or viewpoint.
For example, “According to the teacher, the exam starts at nine” tells readers where the information came from.
The phrase can also introduce rules or standards. “According to company policy, employees must wear identification badges” refers to an established requirement.
Interestingly, not every alternative has exactly the same meaning. As reported by points to a report or news source, while based on often describes the evidence behind a conclusion. Choosing the right phrase helps you communicate more accurately.
What Does “According To” Mean?
According to is a phrase used to show the source of information, explain a rule, or introduce a particular viewpoint.
It often answers the question, “Where did this information come from?”
Examples:
- According to the doctor, I should get more rest.
- According to the report, sales increased last month.
- According to school rules, students must arrive on time.
- According to Maya, the meeting has been postponed.
In each sentence, the phrase identifies a source, rule, or person’s statement.
There are three common uses.
1. Reporting information from a source
Use the phrase when sharing information from a book, report, website, or person.
Example: According to the latest report, customer satisfaction has improved.
2. Explaining rules or instructions
Use it when referring to policies, laws, guidelines, or instructions.
Example: According to the instructions, you must save your work before closing the program.
3. Sharing someone’s opinion or viewpoint
Use it to show that an idea belongs to a particular person.
Example: According to Daniel, the new plan is more practical.
The best alternative depends on which of these meanings you want to express.
Professional Alternatives to “According To”
In professional writing, the right alternative can make your message sound precise and natural. However, a formal phrase is not always better. Choose wording that fits your source and purpose.
Here are some useful options:
- As stated by: Best when repeating information explicitly provided by a person or document.
- As reported by: Useful for news articles, research updates, and reports.
- As outlined in: Appropriate when referring to details presented in a document or plan.
- As specified in: Useful for requirements, contracts, and technical instructions.
- In accordance with: Best for showing compliance with a rule, law, policy, or standard.
- Based on: Useful when a conclusion relies on evidence or information.
- As indicated by: Appropriate when evidence, data, or a document points to a result.
- As noted by: Useful when referring to a point someone has mentioned.
- As documented in: Appropriate when information has been formally recorded.
- In the view of: Useful when presenting someone’s opinion or perspective.
For example, a business report might say, “As outlined in the proposal, the project will begin in January.” A policy document might instead say, “In accordance with company policy, all visitors must register.”
These expressions are not interchangeable in every situation. In accordance with means following a requirement, while as reported by identifies a source that reported information.
75 Other Ways to Say According To
Below are 75 alternatives, grouped by meaning and tone. Each expression includes an explanation and examples so you can choose the best option for your sentence.
Read More: Deselect vs Unselect: Meaning, Differences, and Correct Usage
Formal and Professional Alternatives
1. As Stated By
Definition: This phrase introduces information that a person, organization, report, or document has clearly expressed in words.
Meaning: Someone directly said or wrote the information.
Examples:
- As stated by the manager, the office will close early.
- As stated by the report, revenue increased this year.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression when you want to connect a statement to a specific source. It works well in professional emails, reports, and formal summaries. It suggests that the information was explicitly communicated. Unlike based on, it focuses on what the source stated rather than the evidence behind a conclusion.
Tone: Formal, professional.
Best Use: Business reports, official documents, and written summaries.
2. As Reported By
Definition: This phrase identifies a source that has published or communicated information about an event, situation, or development.
Meaning: A source has shared the information.
Examples:
- As reported by the newspaper, the road reopened yesterday.
- As reported by the company, profits rose in June.
Detailed Explanation: This expression is especially useful when discussing news or published findings. It helps readers identify where a report originated. Use it when the source has actually reported the information. It is less suitable for describing rules or personal opinions that were not reported.
Tone: Formal, journalistic.
Best Use: News articles, research summaries, and business updates.
3. As Outlined In
Definition: This phrase refers to information, steps, or plans that have been presented in a document, proposal, or formal explanation.
Meaning: The details appear in a document.
Examples:
- As outlined in the proposal, the work begins in May.
- As outlined in the guide, users must create an account.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when referring to a plan or a set of details already presented elsewhere. It sounds natural in workplace communication. It usually refers to information that has been organized or explained. Unlike as stated in, it often points to a broader plan or structure rather than one exact statement.
Tone: Professional, formal.
Best Use: Proposals, project plans, instructions, and reports.
4. As Specified In
Definition: This expression introduces a requirement, detail, or condition that has been clearly defined in a document or set of instructions.
Meaning: A document clearly gives the requirement.
Examples:
- As specified in the contract, payment is due within 30 days.
- As specified in the manual, the device needs two batteries.
Detailed Explanation: Choose this phrase when accuracy matters and a source gives a particular requirement. It is common in technical, legal, and administrative writing. The wording emphasizes precise details rather than general opinions. It is stronger and more specific than simply saying as mentioned in.
Tone: Formal, technical.
Best Use: Contracts, manuals, specifications, and official instructions.
5. In Accordance With
Definition: This phrase means that an action follows a rule, law, policy, instruction, or accepted standard.
Meaning: Something follows a rule or requirement.
Examples:
- In accordance with company policy, visitors must sign in.
- The work was completed in accordance with safety standards.
Detailed Explanation: This is a useful alternative when describing compliance. It does not simply identify where information came from; it shows that an action follows a requirement. Use it when the sentence concerns rules or standards. Avoid using it to introduce an ordinary opinion or an unverified claim.
Tone: Formal, official.
Best Use: Policies, legal documents, compliance reports, and workplace rules.
6. As Indicated By
Definition: This phrase introduces information that a source, measurement, result, or piece of evidence suggests or demonstrates.
Meaning: Evidence points toward a particular conclusion.
Examples:
- As indicated by the results, performance improved.
- As indicated by the chart, costs declined in April.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when information points toward a finding. It is useful in analytical writing because it connects a conclusion with supporting evidence. However, indicated by does not always mean that something has been proven. Use it carefully when the evidence suggests a result rather than establishing it conclusively.
Tone: Formal, analytical.
Best Use: Research, data analysis, charts, and business reports.
7. As Noted By
Definition: This phrase introduces a point or observation that a person, expert, or document has already mentioned.
Meaning: Someone has already mentioned this point.
Examples:
- As noted by the teacher, practice improves writing.
- As noted by the report, costs remain high.
Detailed Explanation: This phrase is useful when acknowledging an earlier observation. It often sounds less rigid than as stated by. You can use it to recognize someone’s contribution or draw attention to an important detail. It is best when the source actually made the observation being discussed.
Tone: Professional, neutral.
Best Use: Reports, essays, meeting notes, and professional discussions.
8. As Documented In
Definition: This phrase points to information that has been formally recorded in a report, file, study, or other written record.
Meaning: The information is recorded in a document.
Examples:
- As documented in the file, the repair occurred in March.
- As documented in the study, participants improved over time.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression when you need to emphasize a written record. It works well when information needs to be traceable or verified. The phrase sounds more formal than as mentioned in. Make sure the details really are documented in the source you identify.
Tone: Formal, technical.
Best Use: Research papers, records, audits, and official reports.
9. As Mentioned In
Definition: This phrase refers to information that has already appeared in a document, conversation, email, or other source.
Meaning: The information appeared earlier.
Examples:
- As mentioned in the email, the deadline is Friday.
- As mentioned in the guide, registration is free.
Detailed Explanation: This is a straightforward way to refer readers to information they may have already seen. It is less formal than as documented in. It works best when the source has already been introduced or is familiar to the reader. Avoid repeating it too often in one piece of writing.
Tone: Neutral, professional.
Best Use: Emails, instructions, reports, and follow-up messages.
10. In the View of
Definition: This phrase introduces an opinion, judgment, or interpretation held by a person or group.
Meaning: This is someone’s opinion or perspective.
Examples:
- In the view of the manager, the plan is practical.
- In the view of many researchers, more evidence is needed.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression when presenting a perspective rather than a confirmed fact. It helps distinguish a person’s judgment from objective information. The wording sounds formal and measured. It is especially useful when discussing different opinions without suggesting that one view is automatically correct.
Tone: Formal, academic.
Best Use: Essays, policy discussions, analysis, and opinion writing.
Alternatives for Research and Academic Writing
11. Based On
Definition: This phrase shows that a conclusion, decision, or explanation relies on evidence, information, observations, or previous work.
Meaning: Something relies on evidence or information.
Examples:
- Based on the data, demand may increase.
- The conclusion is based on recent research.
Detailed Explanation: Based on is common in academic and professional writing. It emphasizes the evidence behind a conclusion rather than merely naming a source. It can introduce a sentence or appear later in one. Be careful not to use it as a direct replacement when you only want to report what a person said.
Tone: Neutral, analytical.
Best Use: Research, decision-making, reports, and evidence-based explanations.
12. According to the Findings of
Definition: This expression introduces conclusions or results produced by a study, investigation, survey, or research project.
Meaning: A study’s results support the statement.
Examples:
- According to the findings of the survey, customers prefer online service.
- According to the findings of the study, sleep affects concentration.
Detailed Explanation: This phrase is useful when you want to identify research as the source of a claim. It sounds formal and makes the evidence more specific. It can be shortened to the findings show when the source is already clear. Avoid using it if the study did not actually examine the claim.
Tone: Academic, formal.
Best Use: Research papers, dissertations, and evidence-based reports.
13. As Demonstrated By
Definition: This phrase introduces evidence or an example that clearly illustrates a point, process, result, or relationship.
Meaning: Evidence or an example shows the point.
Examples:
- As demonstrated by the experiment, temperature affects the result.
- As demonstrated by the figures, demand has increased.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when evidence illustrates a claim. It is stronger than as suggested by because it often implies that the example provides a clear demonstration. Still, the strength of the phrase should match the evidence. It works best when readers can examine the results or example themselves.
Tone: Academic, analytical.
Best Use: Experiments, presentations, reports, and explanations.
14. As Evidenced By
Definition: This phrase introduces facts, observations, or records that support a claim or help establish that something occurred.
Meaning: Evidence supports the statement.
Examples:
- As evidenced by the records, attendance improved.
- Her progress is clear, as evidenced by her latest results.
Detailed Explanation: This expression is common in formal writing. It directs attention to supporting evidence. Use it when the cited facts genuinely support the claim, rather than simply appearing alongside it. In many everyday situations, as shown by sounds simpler and more natural.
Tone: Formal, academic.
Best Use: Research papers, evaluations, and formal analysis.
15. As Shown By
Definition: This phrase points to evidence, examples, or results that make a particular fact or pattern clear.
Meaning: Something provides visible or clear evidence.
Examples:
- As shown by the graph, sales peaked in July.
- As shown by the results, the method worked well.
Detailed Explanation: This is a clear alternative for explaining charts, examples, and numerical results. It is usually easier to read than as evidenced by. The phrase focuses on what the evidence shows. Use it when the reader can see or understand the supporting information.
Tone: Neutral, analytical.
Best Use: Reports, charts, presentations, and school assignments.
16. In Light of
Definition: This phrase introduces a judgment or decision made after considering particular facts, circumstances, evidence, or recent developments.
Meaning: A decision considers the available information.
Examples:
- In light of the new evidence, the team changed its plan.
- In light of recent findings, the policy needs review.
Detailed Explanation: In light of does not simply identify a source. It shows that information has influenced a decision or conclusion. It is useful in formal analysis and thoughtful discussions. Choose it when the information changes how someone understands a situation or decides what to do.
Tone: Formal, analytical.
Best Use: Recommendations, reports, policy discussions, and decision-making.
17. As Established By
Definition: This phrase identifies a source, authority, or body of evidence that has established a fact, principle, rule, or precedent.
Meaning: A recognized source established the point.
Examples:
- As established by the court, the agreement remains valid.
- As established by earlier research, the method has limitations.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression when a point has been formally established. It often appears in legal and academic writing. The wording is stronger than as mentioned by because it suggests that a principle or fact has been established. Do not use it for an untested assumption or a casual opinion.
Tone: Formal, authoritative.
Best Use: Legal analysis, academic writing, and discussions of established principles.
18. As Concluded By
Definition: This phrase introduces a conclusion reached by a person, research team, committee, or organization after reviewing information.
Meaning: Someone reached this conclusion.
Examples:
- As concluded by the research team, the method needs improvement.
- As concluded by the panel, further testing is required.
Detailed Explanation: This phrase focuses on the final judgment reached by a source. It is useful when summarizing investigations or formal evaluations. In many sentences, the team concluded that is more direct and easier to read. Choose this phrase when the identity of the source matters.
Tone: Formal, academic.
Best Use: Research summaries, committee reports, and evaluations.
19. According to the Evidence
Definition: This expression introduces a claim or conclusion that is supported by the available facts, records, observations, or other relevant proof.
Meaning: The available evidence supports the statement.
Examples:
- According to the evidence, the damage happened overnight.
- According to the evidence presented, the claim needs further review.
Detailed Explanation: This phrase emphasizes evidence rather than personal opinion. It is useful in investigations, research, and analytical writing. However, evidence can be incomplete or disputed, so the wording should reflect what is actually known. In some contexts, the evidence suggests that is more cautious and precise.
Tone: Formal, analytical.
Best Use: Investigations, academic analysis, and evidence-based discussion.
20. As Interpreted By
Definition: This phrase introduces a meaning, explanation, or understanding assigned to information by a particular person or group.
Meaning: Someone explains what the information means.
Examples:
- As interpreted by the historian, the letter shows concern.
- The rule, as interpreted by the committee, applies to all departments.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression when a source offers an interpretation rather than simply stating a fact. It is useful when different people may understand the same information differently. The phrase also helps separate an interpretation from the original source. This distinction matters in academic and legal writing.
Tone: Formal, analytical.
Best Use: Literary analysis, legal discussion, and research interpretation.
Alternatives for Reporting Information
21. As Reported In
Definition: This phrase points to a publication, article, report, or other source in which particular information appeared.
Meaning: The information appeared in a publication.
Examples:
- As reported in the newspaper, the event attracted hundreds.
- As reported in the annual review, costs declined.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when the publication itself matters. It helps readers identify where the information appeared. Unlike as reported by, which emphasizes the reporting person or organization, as reported in emphasizes the publication or document. Make sure the information appears in the source you name.
Tone: Formal, journalistic.
Best Use: Articles, reports, media summaries, and research writing.
22. As Published By
Definition: This phrase identifies the organization, publisher, or platform that released particular information for readers or the public.
Meaning: A publisher released the information.
Examples:
- As published by the agency, the new guidance starts Monday.
- As published by the university, the report includes updated figures.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when you want to emphasize who released a piece of information. It is useful for official announcements and published reports. It does not automatically mean the information is correct; it only identifies the publisher. Use the phrase when the publication itself is relevant.
Tone: Formal, informational.
Best Use: Official announcements, media summaries, and published research.
23. As Announced By
Definition: This phrase introduces information that a person, company, government, or organization has formally made public.
Meaning: Someone publicly shared the announcement.
Examples:
- As announced by the school, classes resume on Monday.
- As announced by the company, the service will expand.
Detailed Explanation: This expression works best for new plans, decisions, events, and official updates. It emphasizes the act of announcing information. It is less suitable for facts that have not been formally announced. In conversational writing, the company announced that is often more direct.
Tone: Formal, professional.
Best Use: Press releases, company updates, and public notices.
24. As Explained By
Definition: This phrase introduces an explanation or clarification given by a person, expert, or source.
Meaning: Someone has explained the point.
Examples:
- As explained by the instructor, the process has three stages.
- As explained by the report, the delay resulted from bad weather.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when a source has clarified how something works or why something happened. It is helpful when a subject needs explanation. The wording emphasizes reasoning or clarification rather than a simple statement. For readability, you can often write the instructor explained that.
Tone: Neutral, educational.
Best Use: Lessons, technical guides, reports, and explanatory writing.
25. As Confirmed By
Definition: This phrase identifies a person, organization, or source that has verified a fact or confirmed that something is true.
Meaning: A source has verified the information.
Examples:
- As confirmed by the organizer, the event will take place.
- As confirmed by the test results, the device is working.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase only when the source has actually confirmed the information. It suggests a stronger level of certainty than as reported by. That distinction matters when reporting developing news or unverified claims. In everyday writing, the organizer confirmed that is often more natural.
Tone: Formal, factual.
Best Use: Official updates, verification reports, and announcements.
26. As Revealed By
Definition: This phrase introduces information that a report, investigation, study, or source has brought to light.
Meaning: A source uncovered or disclosed information.
Examples:
- As revealed by the investigation, the records were incomplete.
- As revealed by the survey, customers want faster service.
Detailed Explanation: This expression is useful when the information was previously unknown or has become clear through investigation. It can sound dramatic, so avoid using it for routine facts. The phrase suggests discovery or disclosure, not merely the repetition of familiar information.
Tone: Formal, journalistic.
Best Use: Investigations, surveys, news reports, and discoveries.
27. As Described By
Definition: This phrase refers to the way a person, author, or source has explained or portrayed a subject, event, or process.
Meaning: A source describes the subject this way.
Examples:
- As described by the author, the town was peaceful.
- As described by the manual, the process takes ten minutes.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when the source gives a description rather than a strict rule or verified conclusion.
Tone: Neutral, academic.
Best Use: Book reviews, reports, and explanatory writing.
28. As Recorded In
Definition: This phrase points to information entered or preserved in a written, digital, or official record.
Meaning: The information appears in a record.
Examples:
- As recorded in the minutes, the vote was unanimous.
- As recorded in the database, the order arrived on Tuesday.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression when a record is the source of the information. It is especially helpful when accuracy and traceability matter. It does not imply that someone personally verified the record’s contents. When the context is informal, the records show that may sound clearer.
Tone: Formal, administrative.
Best Use: Meeting minutes, databases, records, and audits.
29. As Cited By
Definition: This phrase identifies a person or work that another source references as support for an idea, fact, or argument.
Meaning: A source references this person or work.
Examples:
- As cited by the author, the earlier study found similar results.
- The theory, as cited by the researcher, dates back decades.
Detailed Explanation: This phrase can be useful when discussing references in academic writing, but it needs care. A source being cited does not necessarily mean the cited claim has been independently verified. In formal research, follow the required citation style and identify the original source accurately.
Tone: Academic, formal.
Best Use: Literature reviews and discussions of scholarly sources.
30. As Quoted By
Definition: This phrase introduces words or statements that one source has quoted from another person or work.
Meaning: A source quotes these words from someone.
Examples:
- As quoted by the article, the mayor called for cooperation.
- The statement, as quoted by the report, emphasized public safety.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression when the exact words matter and have been reproduced by another source. It is not a substitute for identifying the original speaker when that information is available. Check quotations carefully and preserve their meaning. In simpler writing, the article quotes the mayor as saying may be clearer.
Tone: Formal, journalistic.
Best Use: News summaries, quotations, and source analysis.
Alternatives for Opinions and Viewpoints
31. In the Words of
Definition: This phrase introduces a person’s exact words or a close reference to the way that person expressed an idea.
Meaning: These are someone’s own words.
Examples:
- In the words of the coach, “Practice makes progress.”
- In the words of the author, the journey changed everything.
Detailed Explanation: This expression is useful when a person’s wording adds meaning or personality. It often introduces a direct quotation. Use quotation marks when reproducing exact words. If you are only summarizing the idea, make sure the sentence does not falsely suggest that the wording is exact.
Tone: Conversational, literary, formal.
Best Use: Speeches, essays, articles, and quotations.
32. From the Perspective of
Definition: This phrase introduces an issue as viewed or understood by a particular person, group, profession, or point of view.
Meaning: This is how someone sees the situation.
Examples:
- From the perspective of students, shorter lessons may help.
- From the perspective of the company, the change reduces costs.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression to explore how different groups may view the same situation. It emphasizes viewpoint rather than a verified fact. The phrase is especially useful when comparing opinions. It can make sentences longer, so use for students or to the company when those shorter expressions are sufficient.
Tone: Neutral, analytical.
Best Use: Essays, debates, reports, and comparisons.
33. In the Opinion of
Definition: This phrase introduces a judgment or belief held by a person or group about a particular issue.
Meaning: Someone believes this is true or best.
Examples:
- In the opinion of the teacher, the essay needs more detail.
- In the opinion of many residents, the park needs repairs.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression when you want to identify a personal or group judgment. It makes clear that the statement is an opinion rather than necessarily an established fact. The phrase sounds formal and can be wordy. In everyday writing, the teacher thinks may be more natural.
Tone: Formal, neutral.
Best Use: Essays, evaluations, surveys, and opinion discussions.
34. From the Viewpoint of
Definition: This phrase introduces an explanation or judgment based on how a person or group understands a particular issue.
Meaning: This is the issue as someone sees it.
Examples:
- From the viewpoint of parents, safety comes first.
- From the viewpoint of the designer, the layout is too crowded.
Detailed Explanation: This phrase is close in meaning to from the perspective of. It helps you explain how someone interprets a situation. It is useful in comparisons and discussions involving different interests. Choose one of these phrases rather than repeating both in the same paragraph.
Tone: Neutral, analytical.
Best Use: Essays, discussions, and stakeholder analysis.
35. In the Eyes of
Definition: This expression describes how a person or group judges, values, or perceives someone or something.
Meaning: This is how someone judges or sees it.
Examples:
- In the eyes of her supporters, she is a strong leader.
- In the eyes of the law, the agreement is binding.
Detailed Explanation: This expression often refers to judgment, reputation, or perception. It can be conversational or literary, depending on the context. The phrase in the eyes of the law has a more formal meaning. Avoid using it when you simply need to report a neutral fact from a source.
Tone: Conversational, literary, sometimes formal.
Best Use: Opinions, public perception, and legal contexts.
36. To Someone’s Mind
Definition: This phrase introduces a personal judgment or belief, often in a thoughtful or slightly literary style.
Meaning: This is what someone personally thinks.
Examples:
- To my mind, the simpler design works better.
- To her mind, the decision was unfair.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when expressing a personal view. It often sounds more reflective than I think. It does not identify an external source of factual information. Because it can sound old-fashioned in some contexts, in my view is often the safer choice in modern professional writing.
Tone: Reflective, literary.
Best Use: Essays, personal commentary, and thoughtful discussions.
37. As Believed By
Definition: This phrase introduces a belief held by a person, community, or group, without necessarily presenting that belief as a proven fact.
Meaning: Someone or a group believes this.
Examples:
- As believed by some residents, the building has historical value.
- The practice, as believed by its followers, carries special meaning.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression when discussing beliefs, traditions, or assumptions. It helps separate what people believe from what can be independently established. However, as believed by can sound awkward in ordinary English. Phrases such as some people believe that are often more natural and respectful.
Tone: Neutral, explanatory.
Best Use: Cultural discussions, belief systems, and historical writing.
38. As Perceived By
Definition: This phrase introduces how a person, group, or audience understands or interprets a situation, person, or event.
Meaning: This is how someone perceives the situation.
Examples:
- As perceived by customers, the service has improved.
- The risk, as perceived by employees, remains significant.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when perception matters more than objective reality. It is common in research about behavior, customers, or public opinion. A perception may differ from a verified fact, so keep that distinction clear. In simpler writing, as customers see it may be easier to understand.
Tone: Formal, analytical.
Best Use: Surveys, social research, customer feedback, and evaluations.
39. As Understood By
Definition: This phrase explains how a person or group understands a statement, rule, idea, or situation.
Meaning: This is someone’s understanding of the point.
Examples:
- As understood by the team, the deadline is next Friday.
- The rule, as understood by the students, applies to everyone.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression when you need to explain an interpretation or understanding. It can be helpful when a rule or instruction has caused confusion. However, it does not prove that the understanding is correct. In workplace writing, the team understands that is often more direct.
Tone: Neutral, professional.
Best Use: Clarifying instructions, meeting notes, and workplace discussions.
40. As Seen By
Definition: This phrase describes how a person, group, or observer views or interprets a particular subject or situation.
Meaning: This is how someone sees the situation.
Examples:
- As seen by local residents, the changes are positive.
- The event, as seen by the children, was exciting.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase to emphasize a particular observer’s experience or view. It is useful in narrative and analytical writing. It may refer to a personal interpretation rather than an objective fact. For straightforward professional writing, from the perspective of may be more precise.
Tone: Neutral, descriptive.
Best Use: Personal accounts, reports, and viewpoint comparisons.
Simple and Everyday Alternatives
41. As Per
Definition: This short expression refers to a rule, request, agreement, or instruction that a person is following.
Meaning: Following a stated request or requirement.
Examples:
- As per your request, I have attached the file.
- As per the schedule, the meeting begins at ten.
Detailed Explanation: As per is common in business communication, especially in some varieties of international English. It can sound stiff or bureaucratic in casual conversation. In many cases, as requested or according to the schedule sounds more natural. Use it when the context makes the reference clear.
Tone: Formal, administrative.
Best Use: Emails, schedules, and workplace instructions.
42. As Stated In
Definition: This phrase points to a statement or piece of information contained within a document, message, policy, or other source.
Meaning: The source contains this statement.
Examples:
- As stated in the policy, refunds are available within 14 days.
- As stated in the message, the office opens at eight.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when you want readers to refer to a particular document or message. It emphasizes where the statement appears. It works well when the wording of the source matters. If you are referring to a broad plan rather than a specific statement, as outlined in may fit better.
Tone: Neutral, professional.
Best Use: Emails, policies, reports, and official instructions.
43. As Mentioned By
Definition: This phrase introduces information that a person or source has already brought up or referred to.
Meaning: Someone has already brought up the point.
Examples:
- As mentioned by Sarah, the room is unavailable.
- As mentioned by the guide, tickets must be booked early.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression to acknowledge a previous comment or source. It can help avoid repeating a full explanation. The phrase is slightly formal, but it remains easy to understand. For a smoother sentence, you can often write Sarah mentioned that the room is unavailable.
Tone: Neutral, conversational.
Best Use: Meetings, emails, and summaries.
44. As Suggested By
Definition: This phrase introduces an idea, explanation, or course of action that a person or piece of evidence recommends or points toward.
Meaning: Someone or something suggests this idea.
Examples:
- As suggested by the teacher, we revised the introduction.
- As suggested by the results, the process needs testing.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when the source offers a recommendation or when evidence points toward a possible explanation. It does not mean the suggestion is necessarily correct. The context should make clear whether the source is a person or a set of findings. Avoid using it when a source gives a definite rule.
Tone: Neutral, analytical.
Best Use: Recommendations, feedback, and research interpretation.
45. As Recommended By
Definition: This phrase introduces advice or a course of action recommended by a qualified person, organization, or source.
Meaning: Someone recommends this action.
Examples:
- As recommended by the instructor, we practiced daily.
- The equipment was checked as recommended by the manufacturer.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when a source has explicitly recommended an action. It is common in instructions, technical guidance, and professional communication. It emphasizes advice rather than simply reporting a fact. Do not use it as a replacement for according to when the source has made no recommendation.
Tone: Professional, instructional.
Best Use: Technical guidance, training, and expert recommendations.
46. As Required By
Definition: This phrase introduces an obligation imposed by a law, policy, contract, rule, or formal instruction.
Meaning: A rule or requirement makes this necessary.
Examples:
- As required by law, the company keeps these records.
- As required by school policy, students must wear badges.
Detailed Explanation: This expression is more specific than according to. It indicates that something is necessary or compulsory under a requirement. Use it only when the source actually imposes an obligation. If you are simply reporting information from a document, as stated in may be more accurate.
Tone: Formal, official.
Best Use: Laws, regulations, policies, and contracts.
47. As Directed By
Definition: This phrase identifies a person or authority whose instructions determine how an action should be performed.
Meaning: Someone instructed this action.
Examples:
- As directed by the supervisor, the team changed its schedule.
- The form was completed as directed by the office.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression when an action follows a specific instruction. It emphasizes direction or authority, rather than a general statement. It is common in workplaces and formal procedures. For ordinary advice that is not an instruction, as suggested by may be more appropriate.
Tone: Formal, professional.
Best Use: Workplace procedures, official instructions, and administrative tasks.
48. As Advised By
Definition: This phrase introduces advice given by a person or organization, often someone with relevant knowledge or experience.
Meaning: Someone gave this advice.
Examples:
- As advised by the technician, we restarted the system.
- I followed the steps as advised by the instructor.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when an action follows advice from a source. It is useful in professional and practical situations. Advice is not always a binding rule, so this expression differs from as required by. Identify the adviser clearly when that information matters to the reader.
Tone: Professional, neutral.
Best Use: Technical support, training, and workplace communication.
49. As Requested By
Definition: This phrase identifies the person or organization that asked for a particular action, change, or piece of information.
Meaning: Someone asked for this action.
Examples:
- As requested by the client, we updated the report.
- The files were sent as requested by the manager.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression to explain why an action was taken. It is particularly useful in business emails and project updates. It emphasizes a request rather than a rule or factual source. In many cases, as requested is shorter and just as clear.
Tone: Professional, polite.
Best Use: Emails, client communication, and project updates.
50. As Agreed By
Definition: This phrase refers to a decision, arrangement, or condition accepted by two or more people or groups.
Meaning: The parties agreed to this arrangement.
Examples:
- As agreed by both teams, the deadline is Monday.
- The payment was made as agreed by the parties.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression when an arrangement reflects mutual agreement. It is helpful in workplace discussions and formal records. It does not mean that one person merely gave an instruction. In many sentences, as agreed is shorter and sounds more natural.
Tone: Professional, formal.
Best Use: Agreements, meeting notes, contracts, and project planning.
More Useful Alternatives for Different Contexts
51. In Line With
Definition: This phrase means that something matches, supports, or is consistent with a rule, plan, policy, or general pattern.
Meaning: Something agrees with a plan or standard.
Examples:
- The decision is in line with company policy.
- Our results are in line with earlier research.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when showing that something is consistent with a standard or previous finding. It does not always imply a strict legal requirement. It is more flexible than in accordance with. Choose it when you want to express agreement or consistency without suggesting a formal obligation.
Tone: Professional, neutral.
Best Use: Reports, policies, planning, and research comparisons.
52. Consistent With
Definition: This phrase shows that information, behavior, or a result agrees with another fact, pattern, expectation, or set of principles.
Meaning: The information agrees with something else.
Examples:
- The findings are consistent with earlier studies.
- Her explanation is consistent with the available records.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase to show agreement between pieces of information. It is especially useful when comparing results or checking whether a statement fits the evidence. Consistency does not always prove that a claim is true. It simply shows that the information does not conflict with the comparison.
Tone: Analytical, professional.
Best Use: Research, evaluations, and evidence comparison.
53. In Keeping With
Definition: This phrase means that something follows or matches an established style, tradition, expectation, or principle.
Meaning: Something matches an accepted style or principle.
Examples:
- In keeping with tradition, the family shared a meal.
- The design is in keeping with the brand’s identity.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression when something fits a tradition, style, or established approach. It is less focused on factual sources than according to. The phrase often sounds polished and slightly formal. It is especially useful when describing choices that match a wider theme or principle.
Tone: Formal, descriptive.
Best Use: Design, culture, traditions, and professional writing.
54. In Compliance With
Definition: This phrase indicates that an action or process meets the requirements of a rule, law, standard, or policy.
Meaning: Something meets an official requirement.
Examples:
- The company operates in compliance with safety rules.
- The report was prepared in compliance with the guidelines.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression when discussing whether an action meets formal requirements. It is more technical than in line with. It is particularly common in regulated industries and official documents. Use it only when compliance is relevant; it is unnecessarily formal for ordinary statements of fact.
Tone: Formal, legal, technical.
Best Use: Compliance reports, regulations, audits, and safety procedures.
55. Under
Definition: This short word can introduce a law, policy, agreement, or system that governs a situation.
Meaning: A rule or system covers the situation.
Examples:
- Under the new policy, employees can work remotely.
- Under the agreement, payment is due next month.
Detailed Explanation: Under is a concise alternative when the context concerns a rule or agreement. It does not work as a replacement for according to in every sentence. Use it when a policy or legal framework governs the situation. Avoid it when the sentence merely reports what a person said.
Tone: Neutral, formal.
Best Use: Policies, contracts, legal writing, and procedures.
56. Per
Definition: This concise preposition can mean “for each” or refer to a stated instruction, rule, or source when context makes the meaning clear.
Meaning: Following a stated rule or on a specified basis.
Examples:
- Per the schedule, the train leaves at six.
- The fee is charged per person.
Detailed Explanation: The meaning of per depends on its context. In business writing, it can refer to a request or instruction; in measurements and prices, it often means “for each.” Because these meanings differ, do not use it automatically as a synonym for according to. Make sure the intended meaning is clear.
Tone: Concise, professional.
Best Use: Schedules, rates, instructions, and business notes.
57. In Terms of
Definition: This phrase introduces the particular aspect, category, or standard used to discuss or evaluate something.
Meaning: Looking at one specific aspect of a subject.
Examples:
- In terms of cost, the second option is better.
- In terms of performance, the new system is faster.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase to narrow a discussion to one aspect of a subject. It does not normally identify a source of information. Instead, it tells readers what standard you are considering. It is useful for comparisons, but avoid repeating it when a shorter phrase would work.
Tone: Neutral, analytical.
Best Use: Comparisons, evaluations, and business discussions.
58. With Reference To
Definition: This phrase introduces a subject, document, or matter that a statement relates to or discusses.
Meaning: The statement relates to this subject.
Examples:
- With reference to your email, the meeting is confirmed.
- With reference to the report, we need additional figures.
Detailed Explanation: This expression is often used in formal correspondence.
Tone: Formal, administrative.
Best Use: Business emails, letters, and official correspondence.
59. Regarding
Definition: This preposition introduces the subject or matter that a statement, question, or message concerns.
Meaning: About a particular topic.
Examples:
- Regarding your question, the deadline is Friday.
- I am writing regarding the updated schedule.
Detailed Explanation: Regarding is a useful alternative when the goal is to introduce a topic rather than attribute a claim to a source. It works well in professional communication. However, it cannot replace according to in a sentence such as “According to the report, sales increased.” Use it when you mean “about,” not “as stated by.”
Tone: Neutral, professional.
Best Use: Emails, letters, and topic introductions.
60. With Respect To
Definition: This phrase introduces the particular subject or aspect to which a statement, decision, or discussion relates.
Meaning: In relation to a specific matter.
Examples:
- With respect to safety, the new design is better.
- The team has questions with respect to the contract.
Detailed Explanation: This expression is similar to regarding and in terms of. It helps narrow the focus of a sentence. It does not normally identify the source of information. Because it can make writing wordy, about or for may be better in simple sentences.
Tone: Formal, professional.
Best Use: Reports, formal correspondence, and focused discussions.
More Alternatives for Clear and Natural Writing
61. As Far As Someone Is Concerned
Definition: This expression introduces a person’s opinion, priorities, or feelings about a particular situation or issue.
Meaning: This is how someone feels or thinks.
Examples:
- As far as Mia is concerned, the plan is ready.
- As far as I am concerned, we have enough time.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression to share a personal viewpoint. It is more conversational than in the opinion of. It does not normally introduce a factual source or formal rule. Because it can sound firm, consider the tone before using it in sensitive discussions.
Tone: Conversational, personal.
Best Use: Everyday discussions, opinions, and informal writing.
62. To Hear Someone Tell It
Definition: This conversational expression introduces a story or account as told by a particular person, sometimes suggesting that the account is one-sided.
Meaning: This is how the person tells the story.
Examples:
- To hear Jack tell it, the trip was perfect.
- To hear her tell it, nobody helped with the project.
Detailed Explanation: This expression is often used when reporting someone’s version of events. Depending on context, it may suggest doubt or exaggeration. It is not a neutral substitute for citing a reliable source. Use it when the speaker’s personal account is important to the meaning.
Tone: Conversational, sometimes skeptical.
Best Use: Informal storytelling and personal accounts.
63. By Someone’s Account
Definition: This phrase introduces information based on a person’s own description or report of an event or experience.
Meaning: This is what the person says happened.
Examples:
- By her account, the meeting lasted two hours.
- By the witness’s account, the car stopped suddenly.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when reporting a person’s version of events. It can sound neutral, but it may also remind readers that the information comes from one account. It is useful when multiple descriptions differ. Do not present one person’s account as independently verified unless you have supporting evidence.
Tone: Neutral, formal.
Best Use: Interviews, reports, and accounts of events.
64. As I Understand It
Definition: This expression introduces a statement based on the speaker’s current understanding of a situation, rule, or explanation.
Meaning: This is how I understand the information.
Examples:
- As I understand it, the deadline has changed.
- As I understand it, the policy applies to all staff.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when you want to explain your understanding without claiming complete certainty. It can invite correction if you have misunderstood something. It is particularly useful in workplace communication. For a more confident statement, use direct wording when the facts are clear.
Tone: Conversational, polite.
Best Use: Clarifications, meetings, and professional discussions.
65. From What I Gather
Definition: This expression introduces a conclusion formed by collecting or interpreting information from different sources or observations.
Meaning: This is what I have understood from the information.
Examples:
- From what I gather, the event has been postponed.
- From what I gather, the team needs more time.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when your understanding comes from information you have received rather than direct confirmation. It often signals some uncertainty. It is natural in conversation and informal emails. If you have a reliable source, naming that source directly may make your statement clearer.
Tone: Conversational, cautious.
Best Use: Informal discussions, updates, and tentative conclusions.
66. From What I Can Tell
Definition: This expression introduces a judgment based on the evidence or information currently available to the speaker.
Meaning: This is what the available information suggests to me.
Examples:
- From what I can tell, the system is working.
- From what I can tell, the report is complete.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when you have examined the available information but cannot claim absolute certainty. It is a natural way to qualify an observation. It is less formal than as indicated by. For important factual claims, provide the specific evidence when possible.
Tone: Conversational, cautious.
Best Use: Everyday analysis, troubleshooting, and informal updates.
67. To My Knowledge
Definition: This expression limits a statement to the information the speaker currently knows or remembers.
Meaning: This is what I know at present.
Examples:
- To my knowledge, the office has not changed its hours.
- To my knowledge, everyone received the email.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when you want to avoid claiming more than you know.
Tone: Neutral, cautious.
Best Use: Professional updates, clarifications, and careful statements.
68. From My Understanding
Definition: This expression introduces a statement based on the speaker’s interpretation of information, instructions, or a situation.
Meaning: This is how I understand the situation.
Examples:
- From my understanding, the project starts next month.
- From my understanding, we need approval before publishing.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when sharing your current interpretation. It leaves room for clarification if others have different information. In many cases, as I understand it sounds more natural and concise. Do not use either expression to imply that a source has confirmed something when it has not.
Tone: Conversational, polite.
Best Use: Meetings, teamwork, and clarifying instructions.
69. Judging By
Definition: This phrase introduces a conclusion based on visible signs, available evidence, or the characteristics of a situation.
Meaning: The evidence suggests this conclusion.
Examples:
- Judging by the traffic, we may arrive late.
- Judging by the results, the new method is promising.
Detailed Explanation: Use this expression when making an inference from what you can observe. It does not mean that a source directly stated the conclusion. The phrase often sounds natural in conversation and analysis. Be careful not to present an inference as a confirmed fact.
Tone: Neutral, conversational.
Best Use: Observations, estimates, and evidence-based judgments.
70. Going By
Definition: This informal expression introduces a conclusion based on information, evidence, instructions, or a standard currently available.
Meaning: Using the information as a guide.
Examples:
- Going by the schedule, we have ten minutes left.
- Going by the latest figures, sales are improving.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when information guides your judgment or decision. It is more conversational than based on. The expression works well in everyday speech, but formal reports may benefit from a more precise alternative. Make sure the source or evidence is clear from the surrounding sentence.
Tone: Casual, neutral.
Best Use: Everyday conversations and informal analysis.
71. Given
Definition: This word can introduce a fact or condition that should be considered when making a decision or drawing a conclusion.
Meaning: Considering a particular fact or situation.
Examples:
- Given the current budget, we should reduce costs.
- Given the evidence, the decision seems reasonable.
Detailed Explanation: Given emphasizes a circumstance or piece of information that affects a conclusion. It is not always a direct substitute for according to. Use it when the information forms part of the reasoning behind a decision. It is concise and works well in both professional and everyday writing.
Tone: Neutral, analytical.
Best Use: Recommendations, decisions, and explanations.
72. Considering
Definition: This word introduces a fact, condition, or circumstance that influences how a situation should be understood or evaluated.
Meaning: Taking a particular fact into account.
Examples:
- Considering the weather, we should leave early.
- Considering the results, the strategy needs review.
Detailed Explanation: Use considering when a fact influences your judgment. It emphasizes evaluation rather than the source of information. This distinction makes it different from as reported by. The word is useful when explaining why a decision makes sense under the circumstances.
Tone: Neutral, conversational.
Best Use: Decisions, recommendations, and practical reasoning.
73. On the Authority of
Definition: This formal expression identifies an authority whose statement or judgment is being relied upon for a claim or action.
Meaning: Relying on a recognized authority’s statement.
Examples:
- On the authority of the official notice, the building will close.
- The decision was made on the authority of the board’s ruling.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase only when the source has recognized authority in the relevant matter. It sounds formal and can imply that the source’s position carries weight. It is not suitable for casual opinions or unsupported claims. In most modern writing, naming the authority directly is clearer.
Tone: Very formal, official.
Best Use: Legal, administrative, and formal institutional contexts.
74. In the Light of
Definition: This expression introduces a conclusion or decision made after considering relevant facts, evidence, or circumstances.
Meaning: Considering the information available.
Examples:
- In the light of new evidence, the team revised its report.
- In the light of recent changes, the schedule needs updating.
Detailed Explanation: In the light of has a meaning similar to in light of. Both show that information affects how a situation is judged. The version with the is common in British English, while the shorter version is also widely used. Neither phrase simply attributes a statement to a source.
Tone: Formal, analytical.
Best Use: Reports, evaluations, and decisions based on new information.
75. As the Source Explains
Definition: This phrase introduces information or reasoning that a particular source has explained in a document, statement, or discussion.
Meaning: The source gives this explanation.
Examples:
- As the source explains, the process requires three steps.
- As the report explains, the increase came from higher demand.
Detailed Explanation: Use this phrase when a source offers an explanation rather than simply a number or opinion. It helps connect the claim with the source’s reasoning. The source should be clear to the reader. If the source has already been named, you can often use its name directly for better readability.
Tone: Neutral, academic.
Best Use: Explanatory articles, research summaries, and educational writing.
How to Choose the Best Alternative
Not every alternative to “according to” fits every sentence. The best choice depends on your meaning, audience, and tone.
| Your Purpose | Best Alternatives | Example |
| Cite a person or document | As stated by, as noted by | As stated by the manager, the office closes at five. |
| Refer to news | As reported by, as reported in | As reported by the newspaper, the road reopened. |
| Discuss research | Based on, as shown by | Based on the findings, the method needs review. |
| Explain a rule | In accordance with, as required by | In accordance with policy, visitors must register. |
| Share an opinion | In the view of, from the perspective of | In the view of the team, the plan is practical. |
| Refer to instructions | As specified in, as directed by | As specified in the manual, restart the device. |
| Explain a decision | In light of, given | Given the delay, we changed the schedule. |
| Write a casual message | Going by, as I understand it | Going by the schedule, we have time. |
Tip: If the alternative changes the meaning of the sentence, do not use it just to avoid repetition. Accuracy matters more than variety.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
1. Using Based On When You Mean a Direct Quote
Less accurate: Based on the teacher, the exam starts at nine.
Better: According to the teacher, the exam starts at nine.
Use based on for evidence or reasoning. Use according to when reporting what someone said.
2. Using In Accordance With for an Opinion
Awkward: In accordance with my opinion, the design is attractive.
Better: In my opinion, the design is attractive.
In accordance with is mainly used for rules, standards, and requirements.
3. Using As Reported By Without a Report
Incorrect in context: As reported by my personal preference, I like the new design.
Better: In my opinion, I like the new design.
Use as reported by when a source has actually reported information.
4. Making Every Sentence Sound Formal
You do not need to replace “according to” every time it appears. The original phrase is clear and natural in many situations.
For example:
- According to the schedule, we leave at eight.
- Based on the schedule, we should leave at eight.
The first reports what the schedule says. The second presents a conclusion based on the schedule. Choose the one that matches your meaning.
5. Repeating the Same Alternative Too Often
Repeating as stated by in every paragraph can make an article sound mechanical. Vary your wording when the meaning allows it, but do not force a different phrase into every sentence.
Good writing balances clarity, accuracy, and variety.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What Are the Best Alternatives to “According To”?
Some useful alternatives are as stated by, based on, as reported by, as outlined in, as noted by, and in the view of. The best choice depends on whether you are citing a source, explaining a rule, or sharing an opinion.
2. What Is a More Professional Way to Say “According To”?
Professional options include as stated by, as outlined in, as specified in, as indicated by, and in accordance with. Use the phrase that accurately reflects the source or requirement.
3. What Can I Use Instead of “According To” in an Essay?
For academic writing, try as reported by, based on, as demonstrated by, as shown by, or the findings indicate that. Make sure your wording accurately represents the evidence and cite sources according to your required style.
4. Is “Based On” the Same as “According To”?
Not always. According to identifies a source or viewpoint, while based on explains what evidence or information supports a conclusion. For example, “According to the report” refers to the report’s content; “Based on the report” describes a conclusion drawn from it.
5. How Can I Avoid Repeating “According To” in Writing?
Use alternatives such as as stated by, as reported in, based on, or the report indicates that when they fit the meaning. You can also name the source directly or restructure the sentence. Prioritize clarity instead of replacing every repeated phrase.
Conclusion
Learning other ways to say according to helps you write with greater clarity and confidence. Expressions such as as stated by, as reported by, based on, and in accordance with can make your writing more precise. However, they do not all mean the same thing. Some introduce a source, while others refer to evidence, rules, or personal viewpoints.
Before choosing an alternative, consider your purpose and audience. Use formal expressions in professional reports and academic writing when they fit naturally. Choose simpler wording for everyday conversations and emails. Most importantly, never sacrifice accuracy just to avoid repeating a phrase. Sometimes, “according to” is still the clearest choice. With practice, you can select the right expression for every situation and make your English sound natural, engaging, and professional.
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